European bilberry is closely related to blueberry but richer in anthocyanins, which concentrate in the retina to support night vision, reduce macular degeneration risk, and protect capillary integrity. It was famously used by RAF pilots in WWII to improve night vision — a tradition backed by subsequent research. Bilberry also strengthens capillary walls, supporting varicose veins and diabetic retinopathy management.
fruit, leaf
tea, extract, tincture, capsule, food
1–2 tsp dried berries per cup, steeped 15 min; or 80–160mg standardised extract (25% anthocyanosides) 1–3× daily
Generally very safe. May modestly reduce blood sugar — monitor if diabetic. Dried fruit form is constipating; fresh or leaf preparations are mildly laxative.
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